Eczema is a chronic skin disease that affects millions of people worldwide and can significantly impact quality of life. Although the disease shows itself in periodic flare-ups, the right treatment approaches can effectively control these flare-ups. According to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nur Cihan Coşansu, clinical solutions for eczema flare-ups have made significant progress in recent years.

What Is Eczema and What Causes Flare-Ups?

Eczema (atopic dermatitis) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by itching, redness, and dryness of the skin. The disease progresses with periodic flare-ups and remission. Various factors can trigger flare-ups:

  • Environmental Factors: Climate changes, low humidity, cold weather
  • Allergens: Pollen, dust mites, certain foods
  • Stress: Emotional stress can trigger or worsen flare-ups
  • Skin Irritants: Harsh chemicals, perfumes, certain fabrics
  • Infections: Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections
  • Hormonal Changes: Pregnancy, menstruation, menopause
  • Diet: Certain foods and beverages can trigger flare-ups

Clinical Treatment Methods for Eczema Flare-Ups

1. Topical Treatments

Topical treatments are the most commonly used first-line treatments for eczema flare-ups:

  • Topical Corticosteroids: Reduce inflammation and itching. Effective in short-term use.
  • Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors: Tacrolimus and pimecrolimus suppress the immune response.
  • Topical PDE-4 Inhibitors: Crisaborole reduces inflammation.
  • Moisturizers: Strengthen the skin barrier and prevent dryness.

2. Systemic Treatments

For severe eczema flare-ups, systemic treatments may be necessary:

  • Oral Corticosteroids: Effective in severe flare-ups but should be used for a short time.
  • Immunosuppressants: Cyclosporine, methotrexate, azathioprine
  • Biological Treatments: Dupilumab and similar new-generation drugs
  • JAK Inhibitors: Tofacitinib, baricitinib

3. Phototherapy

Phototherapy is an effective treatment method for eczema flare-ups. UVB and UVA-1 phototherapy reduces inflammation. Treatment is generally applied 2-3 times a week.

Clinical Solutions for Eczema Flare-Ups

4. New-Generation Treatments

Significant developments have occurred in eczema treatment in recent years:

  • Dupilumab: An IL-4 and IL-13 inhibitor
  • Tralokinumab: Targets IL-13
  • Topical JAK Inhibitors: Ruxolitinib cream

Preventive Measures and Lifestyle Changes

Skin Care

  • Use mild, fragrance-free moisturizers
  • Be careful when bathing and use warm water
  • Pat skin dry instead of rubbing it
  • Avoid harsh soaps and cleansers

Environmental Control

  • Use a humidifier
  • Keep dust mites under control
  • Avoid known allergens
  • Wear clothing made of cotton fabrics

Diet and Lifestyle

  • Maintain a healthy and balanced diet
  • Drink plenty of water
  • Maintain stress management
  • Maintain regular sleep habits
  • Exercise regularly

Although eczema flare-ups can negatively affect quality of life, they can be successfully managed with modern clinical treatments. A personalized treatment plan, regular follow-up, and proper lifestyle changes are key to controlling flare-ups. By working with an expert dermatologist, you can effectively manage your eczema flare-ups.